Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat kidney stones and certain upper urinary tract conditions. Using a flexible ureteroscope, surgeons can access the kidney through the urinary tract, break stones with a laser, and remove them without making external incisions.
India is recognized for its advanced urology centers, experienced surgeons, and access to high-end laser and endoscopic technology, making RIRS a safe and effective treatment option.
Kidney stones (especially stones <2 cm or in difficult-to-reach areas)
Stones resistant to medical therapy or shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Patients unfit for open surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Upper urinary tract tumors (selected cases)
Recurrent urinary tract infections due to stones
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Severe flank or abdominal pain from kidney stones
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Nausea, vomiting, or urinary obstruction
Frequent urination or burning sensation due to stone migration
Pre-procedure Evaluation
Imaging: CT scan, ultrasound, or IVP to locate stones
Blood and urine tests to rule out infection
Anesthesia evaluation
During the Procedure
Performed under general anesthesia
Flexible ureteroscope passed through the urethra, bladder, and ureter to reach the kidney
Holmium laser or Thulium fiber laser used to fragment stones
Stone pieces removed using baskets or allowed to pass naturally
Post-procedure Care
Most patients discharged within 24 hours
Temporary ureteral stent may be placed to facilitate urine drainage
Pain relief medications and antibiotics prescribed
Return to normal activities within a few days
No external incisions or visible scars
High success rate, even for stones in hard-to-reach kidney locations
Shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery compared to open surgery or PCNL
Reduced risk of bleeding
Safe for patients at higher surgical risk
Table 1: Average RIRS Cost in India
| Treatment Type | Minimum Cost (INR) | Maximum Cost (INR) | Approx. USD Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| RIRS Procedure | ₹1,50,000 | ₹3,00,000 | $1,810 – $3,610 |
| Pre-procedure Tests & Imaging | ₹15,000 | ₹40,000 | $180 – $480 |
| Post-procedure Stent & Care | ₹10,000 | ₹30,000 | $120 – $360 |
Size, number, and location of stones
Hospital type – Metro city super-specialty hospitals may charge more
Technology used – Standard laser vs advanced holmium/thulium lasers
Surgeon’s expertise
Hospital stay duration – Single-day vs extended stay in case of complications
Patients with small to medium-sized kidney stones not suitable for ESWL or PCNL
Individuals looking for a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery
Patients with bleeding disorders or high surgical risk
Those with recurrent stones or urinary infections due to stones
Candidates referred by urologists after diagnostic evaluation
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