Radiation therapy is one of the most widely used cancer treatments, employing high-energy X-rays, gamma rays, or particle beams to destroy or shrink cancer cells. It can be used alone, combined with surgery or chemotherapy, or as part of palliative care to relieve symptoms.
Radiation therapy damages the DNA inside cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. Normal cells may also be affected but usually recover faster.
Types of radiation therapy include:
External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): Most common type; beams are delivered from outside the body.
Brachytherapy: Radioactive material is placed directly inside or near the tumor.
Advanced Techniques: IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy), IGRT (Image-Guided Radiation Therapy), SRS (Stereotactic Radiosurgery), and SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy).
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Curative Treatment: Either alone or with surgery/chemotherapy to eliminate cancer.
Neoadjuvant Therapy: Before surgery to shrink tumors.
Adjuvant Therapy: After surgery to prevent recurrence.
Palliative Care: To relieve symptoms like pain, bleeding, or obstruction in advanced cancers.
Non-invasive and painless.
Can target tumors precisely with modern techniques.
Preserves organ function while killing cancer cells.
Useful for both localized and advanced stages.
Shorter treatment cycles possible with advanced methods (e.g., SBRT).
Side effects depend on the body part being treated and the total dose:
Fatigue
Skin redness or irritation
Nausea or diarrhea (abdomen/pelvis treatments)
Dry mouth or swallowing difficulty (head/neck treatments)
Temporary hair loss in treated area
Rarely, long-term organ damage with high doses
The cost of radiation therapy depends on technology used, cancer type, number of sessions, and hospital location.
Table 1: Average Radiation Therapy Cost in India
| Type of Radiation Therapy | Minimum Cost (INR) | Maximum Cost (INR) | Approx. USD Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional EBRT (per course) | ₹1,00,000 | ₹2,50,000 | $1,200 – $3,010 |
| IMRT / IGRT (per course) | ₹2,00,000 | ₹4,50,000 | $2,410 – $5,420 |
| SRS / SBRT (per course) | ₹2,50,000 | ₹6,00,000 | $3,010 – $7,230 |
| Brachytherapy (per cycle) | ₹80,000 | ₹2,00,000 | $960 – $2,410 |
Type of radiation technique – advanced methods (IMRT, SBRT, SRS) are costlier.
Cancer location and stage – determines complexity and number of sessions.
Hospital and city – leading metro hospitals may charge more.
Additional imaging tests – MRI, CT, and PET scans for planning increase costs.
Number of sessions (fractions) – typical EBRT requires 20–35 sessions, while SBRT/SRS may need fewer.
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